pulls self to standing position when hands held

raises self to sitting position

sits without support

stands by pulling themself up using furniture

stepping movements around furniture

successfully reach out and grasp toy

transfers objects from hand to hand

picks up and pokes small objects with thumb and finger

picks up and throws small objects

holds biscuit or bottle

crawls

mature crawling (quick and fluent)

may stand alone momentarily

may attempt to crawl up stairs

grasps spoon in palm, but poor aim of food to mouth

uses hands to feed self

alerts peripheral vision

rolls ball and crawls to retrieve

shows definite anxiety or wariness at appearance of strangers

actively seeks to be next to parent or principal caregiver

shows signs of anxiety or stress if parent goes away

offers toy to adult but does not release it

shows signs of empathy to distress of another (but often soothes self)

actively explores and plays when parent present, returning now and then for assurance and interaction

moves obstacle to get at desired toy

bangs two objects held in hands together

responds to own name

makes gestures to communicate and to symbolise objects, e.g. points to something they want

seems to understand some things parent or familiar adults say to them

drops toys to be retrieved, handed back, then dropped again/looks in direction of dropped toy

smiles at image in mirror

likes playing with water

shows interest in picture books

understands gestures/responds to ‘bye bye’

listens with pleasure to sound-making toys and music

notices difference and shows surprise

responds to own name being called, family names and familiar objects

babbles tunefully

says words like ‘dada’ or ‘mama’

waves goodbye

imitates hand clapping

imitates actions and sounds

enjoys finger-rhymes

shouts to attract attention

vocalises loudly using most vowels and consonants - sounding like conversation